As stated in the subject, this is the problem I've been having after just buying and installing the game. I have the game running from a 1TB Samsung 970 EVO, noting that in case installing the game there could be an issue. I get this in the error report though, if anyone can help explain the problem it would be appreciated:
EDIT: Nvm, started working properly after I got off work.

You need to run the installer again and check the box: "Check File Integrity"

It'll tell you which of the BIN files are damaged (during download, I think... not sure now).

I never did get it working this way, so I had to use GOG Galaxy, and just let it put it in its default location on my system. Works great.

The reason I said I'm not sure if the files get damaged during download is that they seem to become damaged during gameplay as well, so I have to fix it again. Galaxy makes this simple and effortless, but the File Integrity checker does too... as long as you can get it to run without file errors.

I was about to give up. But since I got it working I've put in over 100 hours. Love this freaking game!!!

Even though I have the game working (using Galaxy) it will crash once in a while. Sometimes it just works fine when I start it back up, other times I have to have Galaxy fix it.

Not using Galaxy:
If the game crashes and won't run beyond a certain point, we need to run File Integrity Check again and fix it again.

Dartanbeck, what are your drive S.M.A.R.T. values? Let's me shape in simple terms: I think it is dying. How else to explain this kind of corruption?

The big underlying issue is generally public education doesn't offer enough attention to basics like that and older users may not be aware (had a few relatives who managed to ruin own data this way, by not keeping track). It could or could not be the topic starter had a different issue with something else and it was resolved. Of course I cannot totally rule out the chance the game indeed works too badly and manages to corrupt itself (highly unusual, but hey, it's modern CD Projekt Red, everything could be).