Exhodos: Maybe you had this idea, but did you check the support page of the game, maybe it is a known problem which has a solution?
Couldn't find anything on it anywhere.
VeTrack: Try re-downloading the base game, and then the dlc.
It's exactly what I was trying to avoid, since I've got some mods in the game and the download is fairly huge, and space on my drives are pretty limited. I've started downloading, though, but I have no idea why it'd help. Having to reinstall everything with such a low chance of success is annoying, to say the least.
It's frustrating that the installation files even have these checks - it should just ask me where I want to install, and judge available space based on that.