Posted June 02, 2012
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"Culture" isn't a very solid category. You can't tell precisely where it ends, where another starts, what differences it can englobe. There are shared assumptions and representations, shared expected behaviours due to collective socialisation. But everybody opposes their own mainstream cultural norms and values to some extend, and everybody refers simultaneously to different sets of norms and values. It's quite chaotic, in practice. And these contradictions are important : they make a "culture" difficult to describe univocally, because these conflicting norms and values constitute it together. Essentialising cultures -especially national ones- is misleading (and dangerous), whether from abroad or from within the countries (traditionalists attempting to define who is a true [themselves] and who are the not-real-ones). Not to mention the evolutive aspects, as subcultural elements can become mainstream with time, redefining what is supposed to be "exceptionnal" (how much?) on such or such aspect of life.
Just take -for instance- the banal right-wing left-wing oppositions, that often split countries in more or less equivalent halves. They represent very different ideas of what cultural identity is, and what elements belong to it. Describing a "mentality" that matches all the political spectrum is difficult, so is defining common beliefs (people have different beliefs, not only in terms of religion). The common ground isn't necessarily a collective common ground, and may be too secondary to really oppose, say, the neighbour country's common ground (while the other elements can be shared trans-nationally). People may feel more foreign from different people in their own country than from like-minded people from abroad. The sum of levels at which one can feel different or similar to others doesn't necessarily have a much dominant "national" proportion.
Yes, you can -at some descriptive level- study the official discourses and self-representations in a nation, what mainstream culture defines as a norm. But people don't match this statistical norm. And if you study smaller groups, their differences may make the global descriptive level a bit moot. The word "culture" is good for comparing two specific groups (of whatever scale) on some specific level (on set of elements). But it must not be taken that seriously, or become an absolute descriptive label. It's one environmental element, not extremely determining, and the wider the scale the more loosely it actually describes people...
Post edited June 02, 2012 by Telika