Starmaker: Reading and writing. As consequences, I'm very bad at
speaking in either language, my English does not correspond to any specific regional variant (also, I keep to American spelling, British quotation marks, and random, usually run-on, punctuation), and I don't know how to pronounce about half the [English - Russian pronunciation is way easier to guess] words I use (though I'd recognize them spoken).
tinyE: Is English in any way recommended or a school requisite? I was shocked to find out that (at least twenty years ago) you were expected to learn English in a lot of European countries; I realize a lot of people speak English but I can't imagine it's too had to get around Europe without knowing any.
Usually, public schools teach either English or German, depending on teacher availability. When I was at school, English was considered to be more prestigious, and parents bribed school administrators to get assigned to the English group. It might not be the case now; I would think if anyone's kid absolutely has to attend a school, they should learn any other language and just absorb English naturally.
Public school language teachers were extremely, unbelievably bad. Studying consisted of rote memorization of individual words (a 1:1 English to Russian correspondence) and texts, the formula for which was "discuss a topic" or, fancifully, "elaborate on a topic". In high school, this required memorizing about a page of text. Later, schools adopted bilingual textbooks modeled after monolingual English courses such as Headway; this proved unsuccessful because the teachers were the same inept mouthbreathing babysitters. After I graduated from high school, Headway itself became the standard, at least in Moscow, not without a gentle push from lobbyists (the books are expensive), and soon after *it*, in turn, became synonymous with supreme mediocrity. I hadn't had a competent
and non-alcoholic English teacher until I was studying for what is now the MSc degree (I graduated before the higher education reform). Not that I ever needed the lessons, but they were mandatory, and, come to think of it, "how to suck up to a completely shitfaced elderly lady who'd rather take a nap, is extremely annoyed at having to conduct a class, and is determined to completely obliterate the cause of her frustration" is a highly valuable lesson.
I had an actually good
Spanish teacher, on my leet limited-admission public high school's payroll, who wrote the absolutely best language textbook I have ever seen. However, because the school was public and limited-admission, and a child's continued presence at school depended on the grades, the parents whose children were too stupid for Spanish demanded to have it removed from the curriculum and succeeded. (They wouldn't do dick against the alcoholic English lady, or the abusive classmistress, or the physics teacher so supremely incompetent (and alcoholic) that we actually staged protests during classes. Assholes.)
I know dick about getting around Europe. I've never left Russia, and I hardly ever leave the Moscow region.