I know some people have been getting them but I've run through the prologue on several new games and still haven't got any. Also tried for a bunch of the combat ones on the pack of wild dogs upon first entering no mans land with no luck.

By this point I should have: Lilac and Goosberries, Kaer Mohren Trained, Can't Touch This!, Triple Threat, Bookworm, Power Overwhelming, Fist of the South Star and possibly The Enemy of My Enemy, Humpty Dumpty, Butcher of Blaviken.

Only one of them is story related and most of the rest can be re-attemted at any point but I'd rather not get too much further If I'm only going to have to do everything again.

Not that I know of. It's also bugged for a few other people and me. Only 3 achievements randomly unlocked for me after I quit the game once, but they're not working again, so I dunno.